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Cholangitis (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass

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Cholangitis (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass What is cholangitis? Bacterial infection of the biliary tract from obstruction (either partial or complete); potentially life-threatening What are the common causes of cholangitis? Choledocholithiasis Stricture (usually postoperative) Neoplasm (usually ampullary carcinoma) Extrinsic compression (pancreatic pseudocyst/pancreatitis) Instrumentation of the bile ducts (e.g., PTC/ERCP) Biliary stent What is...

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Liver neoplasms (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct

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Liver neoplasms (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct What is the most common liver cancer? Metastatic disease outnumbers primary tumors 20:1; primary site is usually the GI tract What is the most common primary malignant liver tumor? Hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatoma) What is the most common primary benign liver tumor? Hemangioma What lab tests comprise the workup for liver metastasis? LFTs (AST and alkaline phosphatase are most useful), CEA for...

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Cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct

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Cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct Define cholelithiasis Gallstones in gallbladder Define choledocholithiasis Gallstone in common bile duct Define cholecystitis Inflammation of gallbladder Define cholangitis Infection of biliary tract What are the "Big 4" risk factors? The "four Fs": Female, Fat, Forty, and Fertile (multiparity) What are other less common risk factors for gallstones? - Oral contrac...

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Small bowel carcinoma (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass

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Small bowel carcinoma (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass What is small bowel carcinoma? Small bowel carcinoma is a rare malignant tumor originating in the small intestine, comprising only a small percentage of all gastrointestinal malignancies. What are common symptoms of small bowel carcinoma? Symptoms can include abdominal pain, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, anemia, and gastrointestinal bleeding. What are the risk factors associated with small b...

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Surgical Jaundice (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct

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Surgical Jaundice (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct Name the causes of prehepatic postoperative jaundice Hemolysis (prosthetic valve), resolving hematoma, transfusion reaction, post cardiopulmonary bypass, blood transfusions (decreased RBC compliance leading to cell rupture) Name the causes of postoperative hepatic jaundice Drugs, hypotension, hypoxia, sepsis, hepatitis, "sympathetic" hepatic inflammation from adjacent right lower lobe infarc...

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Anal disease (fissures, abscess, fistula) (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass

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Anal disease (fissures, abscess, fistula) (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass Perirectal Abscess . . . What is it? Abscess formation around the anus/rectum What are the signs/ symptoms of a perirectal abscess? Rectal pain, drainage of pus, fever, perianal mass How is the diagnosis of perirectal abscess made? Physical/digital exam reveals perianal/ rectal submucosal mass/fluctuance What is the cause of perirectal abscess? Crypt abscess in dentate lin...

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Hiatal hernia (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct

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Hiatal hernia (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct What is a sliding esophageal hiatal hernia? Both the stomach and GE junction herniate into the thorax via the esophageal hiatus; also known as type I hiatal hernia What is the incidence of hiatal hernia? 90% of all hiatal hernias What are the symptoms of hiatal hernia? Most patients are asymptomatic, but the condition can cause reflux, dysphagia (from inflammatory edema), esophagitis, and pulmonar...

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Ulcerative Colitis vs. Crohn's Disease (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass

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Ulcerative Colitis vs. Crohn's Disease (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass Only the rectum and colon Ulcerative Colitis Any part of the GI tract Crohn's Disease GI bleeding, fulminant colitis, and toxic megacolon Ulcerative Colitis Fistulas and renal stones Crohn's Disease Focal ulcerations alternating with normal mucosa on colonoscopy Crohn's Disease Continuous inflammation in mucosa/submucosa of rectum and colon on colonoscopy Ulcerative C...

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Small Bowel Obstruction (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct

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Small Bowel Obstruction (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct What is small bowel obstruction (SBO)? Mechanical obstruction to the passage of intraluminal contents What are the signs/ symptoms of SBO? Abdominal discomfort, cramping, nausea, abdominal distention, emesis, high-pitched bowel sounds What is the #1 cause of SBO around the world? Hernias What is the #1 cause of SBO in children? Hernias What is the #1 cause of SBO in adults (industrial...

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Melena and hematochezia (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass

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Melena and hematochezia (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass What is melena? A black, tarry stool indicating an upper GI bleed What is hematochezia? Bright red blood in stool indicating lower GI bleed In colorectal cancer from which site is melena more common? Right-sided colon cancer In colorectal cancer from which site is hematochezia more common? Left-sided colon cancer Upper GI Bleed

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