AP Chemistry Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Scientific Method - Answer Organized series of steps intended to help solve a problem or answer a question Scientific Method Steps - Answer Identify the problem/question; form a hypothesis; test the hypothesis; make observations and collect data; form a conclusion Theory - Answer Set of tested hypotheses that gives an explanation of some natural phenomenon Law - Answer Statement that summarizes what happens Law of Conservation of Mass - Answer States that the total mass of ...

The lower potential energy a compound has, - Answer the more stable it is. Bond order formula - Answer # of bonds / # of domains strongest to weakest bonds - Answer triple, double, single longest to shortest bonds - Answer single, double, triple nonpolar covalent - Answer electrons are shared equally (symmetrical), no net dipole moment; < 0.4 polar covalent - Answer unequal sharing of electrons (asymmetrical), net dipole; 0.4-1.8 ionic bond - Answer the attract...

acids characterisitics - Answer sour taste acetic acid is found in vinegar citric acid is found in fruits base characteristics - Answer bitter tasting poisonous plants (people reject this flavor) broccoli, turnip, baking soda they feel slippery the react with oils in your skin to form soap many cleaning products contain NH3 blood drain cleanser contains KOH arrhenius acid - Answer they are the acids that dissociate in water to produce H+ ions arrhenius base - Answer th...

intermolecular forces - Answer forces of attraction between molecules IM forces are weaker or stronger than covalent or ionic bonds? - Answer weaker the stronger the IM forces - Answer the higher the boiling point ion-dipole forces - Answer electrical attractions that exist between an ion and polar molecules dipole-dipole forces - Answer electrical attractions that exist between polar molecules london dispersion forces - Answer electrical attractions resulting from a t...

atomic number - Answer The same as the number of protons in the nucleus of an element; it is also the same as the number of electrons surrounding the nucleus of an element when it is neutrally charged. mass number - Answer The sum of an atom's neutrons and protons isotopes - Answer Atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons Avogadro's number - Answer 6.022×10²³ particles per one mole Moles - Answer grams/molar mass Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)...

Arrhenius theory - Answer The theory that an acid increases hydrogen ion concentration when dissolved and that a base increase hydroxide ion concentration when dissolved. Avogadro's principle - Answer A statement of the direct relationship between the moles of a gas and the volume of that gas. Beer's law - Answer The statements that the absorbance of a sample is the product of the absorptivity, optical path length, and same concentration; A = abc. Boyle's law - Answer The law...

Carbonate - Answer CO3 2- Nitrate - Answer NO3 - Sulfate - Answer SO4 2- Acetate - Answer CH3COO - Hydroxide - Answer OH - Ammonium - Answer NH4 + Phosphate - Answer PO4 3- Cyanide - Answer CN - Permanganate - Answer MnO4 - Bicarbonate - Answer HCO3 - Peroxide - Answer O2 2- Chromate - Answer CrO4 2-

ammonium - Answer NH4+ nitrate - Answer NO3- Nitrite - Answer NO2- Sulfate - Answer SO4-2 Sulfite - Answer SO3-2 Cyanide - Answer CN- Hydroxide - Answer OH- Carbonate - Answer CO3-2 Hydrogen Carbonate - Answer HCO3- Nitrates - Answer soluble alkali metals - Answer soluble ammonium compounds - Answer soluble

If matter is uniform throughout and cannot be separated into other substances by physical means, it is ___. - Answer either an element or a compound Which of the following are chemical processes? I) rusting of a nail II) freezing of water III) decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen gases IV) compression of oxygen gas - Answer I and III only ____ refers to how close a measured number is to the true value - Answer Accuracy Barium reacts with a polyatomic ion to form a ...

critical point - Answer temperature-pressure point after which gas can no longer form liquid triple point - Answer temperature-pressure combination at which solid, liquid, and gas states appear sublimation - Answer phase change from solid to gas deposition - Answer phase change from gas to solid solid CO2 - Answer chemical composition of dry ice equilibrium - Answer happens at lines in phase change charts London dispersion forces - Answer universal IMF for nonpola...