Glycocalyx Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

What is not a function of a prokaryotic cell membrane? (A) Protein synthesis (B) Protein secretion (C) Respiratory electron transport (D) Osmotic barrier (E) Lipid synthesis CORRECT ANSWER (A) Protein synthesis Which of the following cell components would not be found on a gram-positive, circular shaped bacterium? (A) Murein (B) Teichoic Acids (C) S layer (D) Flagellum (E) Outer Membrane CORRECT ANSWER (E) Outer Membrane Which structure provides resistance to desiccation? ...

MIC 205 FINAL EXAM 2024 WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS If you were to Gram stain cell walls like those in Figure 1, after the addition of mordant (Gram's iodine): a. A would be purple b. B would be purple c. Both A and B would be purple d. Neither A nor B would be purple e. The answer cannot be determined - correct answer c. Both A and B would be purple Which of the cells in Figure 1 is producing glycocalyx? a. A b. B c. Both d. Neither e. Cannot be determined - correct answer...

What is a semiautonomous organelle? Correct Answer-organelle with DNA which two organelles are semiautonomous? Correct Answer-mitochondria & chloroplasts what is the endosymbiotic theory? Correct Answer-explains how eukaryotic cells may have evolved from prokaryotic cells what are terms associated with bacterial flagellum? Correct Answer-filament, hook, rod, and rings what type of cell has the most peptidoglycan? Correct Answer-Gram + what is the structural part of the cell wall w...

biomimicry Correct Answer-match natural subject as closely as possible; mimic nature bio-inspiration Correct Answer-leverage materials, methods, or other cues from nature and apply them towards analogous functions to enhance as an engineered system What are the 3 components of a mimetic ECM? Correct Answer-fibronectin, proteoglycan, laminin Why is the ECM important (what is its function)? Correct Answer-Forms the structure/scaffold of the cell. Interactive environment that allows commun...

Fungi: 3 major morphological groups CORRECT ANSWER 1. Multicellular filamentous molds -old food/classic fungus 2. Multicellular fruiting body formers -Fruiting bodies = Mushrooms (fungus is in the soil) 3. Yeasts -single celled Unique properties of Fungus: Cell wall CORRECT ANSWER Thematically similar to bacteria & archaea but contain differences eg: -Chitin: protein; insect shells are made of this -Mixed glycans: similar to peptidoglycan but in a dif order Can also secrete gl...

Light microscopy CORRECT ANSWER Limited ability to visualize bacterial components or distinguish between bacteria without doing something extra Electron microscopy CORRECT ANSWER Can view exterior and internal structures, smallest specimens Phase-contrast microscopy CORRECT ANSWER Refracts the light that goes through the specimen; can see detail, live cells Fluorescence microscopy CORRECT ANSWER Use of fluorochromes that emit light of specific wavelengths when excited by light of a diff...

Cell Theory All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. What are the 3 important parameters in microsopy? Magnification, resoultion, and contrast. Cell structure relies on what 4 factors? Matter, energy, organization, and information What are the 2 categories all forms of life based on cell structure? Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. The proetome of a cell determines its ? Structure and function. Prokaryotic cell Reletively simple sturctures without a nucleus, put into either bacte...

Prokaryote Characteristics - - No membrane surrounding their DNA; no nucleus - Lack organelles - internal membrane-bound structures - Small; ~1.0 μm in diameter (RBC ~10 μm) - Simple structure Prokaryote Types - Bacteria & Archaea Prokaryote External Structures (3) - Glycocalyces, Flagella and Fimbrae & Pilli Gycocalyx - "Sugar cage" - Polysaccharides - Capsule & Slime Layer Capsule - Hard glycocalyx with consistent structure around prokaryote

Structural part of the cell wall of most bacteria. Composed of polysaccharide chains containing repeat units of N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine, cross-linked by short chains of amino acids. Correct Answer-Peptidoglycan Found only in the outer membrane of gram-negative cells; lipid A is the active component; they are also called endotoxin. Correct Answer-Lipopolysacharides This gelatinous, sticky substance is usually composed of polysaccharides or proteins that surround the out...

cell envelope contents (moving inward) - glycocalyx - outer membrane - cell wall - cytoplasmic (or "plasma" or "cell) membrane what three structures of the cell envelope are not found in all bacteria glycocalx, outer membrane, and cell wall true or false: all bacteria have a glycocalyx false true or false: all bacteria have an outer membrane false true or false: the bacterial cell envelope has one layer false- multiple describe the glycocalyx polysaccharide (sometimes with prote...