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Reagent = Nucleophile Only - ANSWER1° = Sn2 2° = Sn2 3° = Sn1 + E1 (polar medium necessary) Reagent = Strong Nucleophile & Strong Base - ANSWER1° = Sn2 2° = E2 3° = E2 Reagent = Weak Nucleophile and Weak Base - ANSWER1°/2° = No Reaction 3°/resonance stabilized carbocation = Sn1 + E1 (polar medium necessry Reagent = Base Only - ANSWER1° = E2 or Sn2 (if unhindered and no beta-hydrogen with unhindered base) 2° = E2 3° = E2 Examples of Only Nucleophiles - ANSWERCl⁻, ...

OsO4 and (H2O or Na2SO3) // KMnO4 and (NaOH or H2O) - ANSWEROH/OH dihydroxylation syn RCO3H or mCPBA - ANSWEREpoxidation add O to make an epoxy. Most substituted double bond reacts first X2 and (H2O or XOH) - ANSWER(X/OH)Halohydrin formation epoxy ion intermediate, anti, markovnikov, H2O added to more sub. carbon Cl2 or Br2 - ANSWERHalogenation, anti, epoxy ion intermediate H2O and H2SO4 - ANSWER(H/OH) Hydration, syn and anti addition, markovnikov, C+ intermediate, can make keto if i...

Acid - ANSWERa substance that has H+ in its formula and dissociates in water to yield H3O+ -some strong acids are HCl, HI, CHlO4, HBr, H2SO4 and HNO3 -loses proton; forms conjugate base (OH- , hydroxide ion) Base - ANSWERa substance that has OH in its formula and dissociates in water to yield OH- -strong bases include NaOH, KOH, and Ba(OH)2 -a strong base will have OH in its formula -gains proton; forms conjugate acid (H3O+ , hydronium ion) Salt and water are the products in reactions...

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Bronsted-Lowry acid - ANSWERproton donor (H+) and donates Electron Bronsted-Lowry base - ANSWERproton acceptor (H+), accepts electron HI ( give pKa, Conjugate Base, and reasons) - ANSWER-10, I^-(iodide), noble gas like configuration, large orbitals(less electron repulsion) somewhat electronegative HCl ( give pKa, Conjugate Base, and reasons) - ANSWER-7, Chloride(Cl^-), noble gas-like, electronegative H3O^+(Hydronium)- ( give pKa, Conjugate Base, and reasons) - ANSWER-2, H2O, neutra...

1. BH3 2. H2O2/NaOH - ANSWERHydroboration Syn addition, OH to less sub side - ANSWERWhat happens in hydroboration addition reaction? H2, Pt - ANSWERReduction with H2 Syn addition of H's across pi bond - ANSWERwhat happens in a reduction with H2? 1. O3 2. Zn - ANSWEROzonolysis Each double bond cut with O's added at both sides of each cut - ANSWERWhat happens in an ozonolysis reaction? HBr - ANSWERHydrohalogenation Halogen added to more sub side - ANSWERWhat happens in a hyd...

What is a BL acid? BL base? - ANSWERAcid is a proton donor while a base is proton acceptor List the 6 strong acids - ANSWERHClO4, HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4 List the 6 strong bases - ANSWERLiOH, NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2 What is the eq. for the dissociation of a weak acid? - ANSWERHA <=> H+ + A- Ka = ([H+][A-])/[HA] What is the eq. for base hydrolysis? - ANSWERB + H2O <=> BH+ + OH- Kb = ([BH+][OH-])/[B] What is the equation for pH and pOH? - ANSWERpH =...

ionic bond - ANSWERmetal and nonmetal covalent bond - ANSWERtwo nonmetals how to name an ionic compound? - ANSWERname the cation (metal) and then the anion (nonmetal), but replace the ending of the anion with -ide Na+ - ANSWERsodium Li+ - ANSWERlithium K+ - ANSWERpotassium Ca2+ - ANSWERcalcium mg2+ - ANSWERmagnesium Cs+ - ANSWERcesium Al3+ - ANSWERaluminum Ba2+ - ANSWERbarium Sr2+ - ANSWERstrontium Br- - ANSWERbromide Cl- - ANSWERchloride I- - ANSWERiodi...

what factors explain the outcomes of reactions? - ANSWERhybridization, delocalization, eN, atom density what is a leaving group? - ANSWER- group of atom(s) that can be stable on its own - eN atoms that are good LG also make strong acids what is the α carbon? - ANSWERC directly attached to leaving group what are β Cs? β Hs? - ANSWERβC: C(s) attached to α carbon βH: H(s) attached to βC what is a LB? is it a nucleophile or electrophile? - ANSWERlewis base, nucleophile what i...

v/v) % equation - ANSWERml of solute/ ml solution * 100 ppm equation - ANSWERmass of solute/mass of solution x 10^6 molarity equation - ANSWERmoles of solute/liters of solution g —-> mol - ANSWERg * 1 mol / molar mass of compound Strong Acid 1 - ANSWERHI base: I- Strong Acid 2 - ANSWERHBr (hydrobromic acid) Base: Br- Strong Acid 3 - ANSWERHCl (hydrochloric acid) Base: Cl- Strong Acid 4 - ANSWERH2SO4 (sulfuric acid) Base: HSO4- Strong Acid 5 - ANSWERHNO3 (nitric a...